异细胞质八倍体小堰麦(Trititrigia 8x)的选育及其性状与细胞遗传

本实验用普通小麦"中国春"(Triticum aestivum CV chinese spring)和八种异细胞质"中国春"(Aegilops vavilovii)CS、(Ae.juvenalis)CS、(Ae.crassa)CS、(Ae.comosa)CS、(Ae.unianstata)CS、(Ae.speltoides.M.)CS、(Ae.kotschyi)CS.(T.timopheevi)CS分别与八倍体小偃麦(Trititrigia 8x)"远中2"、"远中3"、"远中4"、"远中5"杂交与回交,选育出8种异细胞质"远中2"、"远中2"远中4"、"远中5"共32个类型。并对不同的异细质"中国春"小麦与八倍体小偃麦杂交当代结实率、种子萌发率、F1植株与回交后代的性状、育性、减数分裂行为进行了观察。结果表明:因细胞质类型不同杂交当代的结实率有差异,F1和回交后代育性差异较大,这种差异不仅与细胞质类型有关,而且与核亲本类型有关,表明明显的核质工作。不同的异细胞质类型对F1的某些性状如生育期、分蘖数、株高、籽粒饱满度有影响。杂种F1减数分裂行为与对照相比有变化,有的影响四分体的发育。

PRODUCTION AND CYTOGENETICS OF OCTOPLOID ALLOPLASMIC TRITITRIGIA

In crossing eight alloplasmic lines of"Chinese Spring" with four lines of octoploid trititrigia, 8 groups and 32 forms of alloplasmic trititrigia were produced.It has shown that obvious differences on seed-set rate of crossing generation and fertility of backerossing offsprings relate to not only different types of alloplasm and also different backerossing parents as well, so that is a obvious interaction between nuclears and cytoplasm. Different types of alien eytoplasm influence Fl's characters including plant height, tillering number, mature Period and kernal plumpness. Chromosome pairing in PMCs of F1 hybrids was compared among crossing combinations.