全氟辛酸的污染状况及环境行为研究进展

作为一种新型的持久性有机环境污染物,全氟辛酸（PFOA）及其盐类所造成的全球性生态系统污染已成事实,并成为持久性有机污染物研究的又一个新热点.动物实验表明, PFOA能引起肝脏、生殖、发育、遗传和免疫等毒性.美国国家环保局科学顾问委员会有关报告将PFOA描述为“可能的（likely）致癌物”,美国国家环保局已制订了有关计划促使生产企业主动削减PFOA物质在产品中含量, 以削减PFOA及其母体物质在环境中的排放.此外,欧美等发达国家也正在推进PFOA及其相关物质的风险评价研究,并积极寻求较为安全的替代产品.本文简要概述了PFOA的理化特性、环境来源及其在环境中的迁移转化、归宿及污染现状,并展望了今后PFOA的研究趋势.

Pollution trend and environmental behavior of perfluorooctanoic acid: A review.

As a kind of emerging persistent organic pollutant (POPs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its salts have caused global ecosystem pollution, and become a new research topic of POPs. Zoological tests indicated that PFOA can damage animal's liver, reproduction, development, immunity, and gene expression, etc. In a report of U. S. EPA's Science Advisory Board, PFOA is described as a "likely" carcinogen. The EPA has initiated a PFOA Stewardship Program to commit related industries to voluntarily reduce the contents of PFOA and its salts in their products to decrease the discharge of PEOA and its parent substances into the environment. The developed countries including European countries and the United States are also taking action to promote the risk assessment of PFOA and related substances, and to evaluate the availability of more secure alternative substances. In this paper, the research advances on the physicochemical properties, environmental sources, transportation and fate, and pollution trend of PFOA were briefly reviewed, and additional discussion was given to the priorities of future research on PFOA.