胃肠道间质瘤的分子分型及靶向治疗

胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GISTs）是消化道常见的间叶肿瘤,不同于消化道真正的平滑肌瘤、神经源性肿瘤,其发生主要与Kit基因和血小板衍生生长因子受体α（platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha,PDGFRα）基因突变有关。KIT靶点的发现使得胃肠道间质瘤治疗进入新治疗模式。伊马替尼与舒尼替尼,均为酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,分别被批准为进展期GISTs治疗的第一线及第二线靶向治疗药物。本文就GISTs的分子生物学分型以及分子靶向药物治疗进展作一概述。

Molecular Classification and Targeted Therapy of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

The gastrointestinal stromal tumor（GIST） is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract,and was different from leiomyoma,neurogenic tumor,which occurs mainly with the Kit gene and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha gene mutation.Targeting KIT has led to a new treatment paradigm in GISTs.Imatinib and sunitinib,both tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed to KIT,were approved for first-and second-line treatment of metastatic and unresectable GISTs.In this article,we will review the molecular classification and targeted drug therapy of GISTs.