The use of noise equivalent count rate and the NEMA phantom for PET image quality evaluation |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;2. Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;1. National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;2. Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;1. Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Room 156H, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Center for Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology, One Medical Center Dr., Box 9236, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9236, United States;2. AiT Instruments, 11815 Fountain Way, Suite 300, Newport News, VA 23606, United States;1. INAYA Medical Collage, Nuclear Medicine Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. College of Medical Radiologic Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan;3. Department of Basic Sciences. Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia;4. Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia;5. Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia;6. Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom;7. Sunway University, Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Jalan University, 46150 PJ, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | PET image quality is directly associated with two important parameters among others: count-rate performance and image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The framework of noise equivalent count rate (NECR) was developed back in the 1990s and has been widely used since then to evaluate count-rate performance for PET systems. The concept of NECR is not entirely straightforward, however, and among the issues requiring clarification are its original definition, its relationship to image quality, and its consistency among different derivation methods. In particular, we try to answer whether a higher NECR measurement using a standard NEMA phantom actually corresponds to better imaging performance. The paper includes the following topics: 1) revisiting the original analytical model for NECR derivation; 2) validating three methods for NECR calculation based on the NEMA phantom/standard; and 3) studying the spatial dependence of NECR and quantitative relationship between NECR and image SNR. |
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| Keywords: | Noise equivalent count rate (NECR) NEMA phantom Positron emission tomography (PET) Signal to noise ratio (SNR) |
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