物种保护的理论基础——从岛屿生物地理学理论到集合种群理论

全球面临着生境破碎化的危机，物种保护已成为人类面临的重大课题，并不是所有的人对岛屿生物地理学理论的产生及其关注的海洋岛屿都很熟悉，但是越来越多生物赖以生存的自然栖息地的丧失和破碎化都是有目共睹的，岛屿生物地理学和集合种群理论是目前物种保护的两个基本理论，物种迁入率和绝灭率的动态变化决策岛屿上的物种丰富度是岛屿生物地理学理论的核心内容，而集合种群理论关注的是局部种群之间个体迁移的动态以及物种的续存条件，在概述两个理论形成、发展及其核心内容的基础上，着重比较它们的异同点以及在生态学理论和实践中的应用，并论述物种保护理论范式从岛屿生物地理学向集合种群理论转变的基本背景和原因。

Theoretical basis for species conservation:from the theory of island biogeography to metapopulation dynamic theory

The fragmentation of natural habitats is a current global crisis.It is a great challenge to human beings to protect species diversity.Not many of us are familiar with oceanic islands,which supplied key examples for the theory of island biogeography,but all of us are familiar with the loss and fragmentation of some natural habitats in which biota exist.The theory of island biogeography and the metapopulation dynamic theory are two fundamentally theoretical bases for species conservation;the former is concerned with how species number changes with the immigration and extinction rate,while the latter focuses on the dynamics of individual migration among local populations and conditions of species persistence.In this paper,with an integrated view we attempt to outline the formation,development and core contents of the theory of island biogeography and metapopulation dynamic theory,to compare their differences,and to disuss their applications in ecological theory and practice.In addition,the causes of paradigm shift from the theory of island biogeography to metapopulation dynamic theory on species conservation are briefly commented.