微生物异戊烯基转移酶研究进展

类异戊二烯(isoprenoids)是最具化学多样性的一种天然分子家族，参与微生物中类胡萝卜素、甾醇等次生代谢物的合成，这类物质在工业大规模生产中具有广阔的商业前景。异戊烯基转移酶是类异戊二烯合成途径中的关键酶，其活性及编码基因的转录水平参与调节次生代谢物产量，在类异戊二烯化合物生物合成途径中发挥重要作用。本文重点归纳了微生物中异戊烯基转移酶的发现与鉴定，分析其结构特点与链长决定机制，讨论异戊烯基转移酶家族之间的复杂进化，概述酶基因表达调控的应用以及生物合成研究现状，为深入研究异戊烯基转移酶作用机理及各领域中的应用提供思路。

Advances in the prenyltransferases in microorganisms

Isoprenoids, a family of natural molecules with high chemical diversity are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as carotenoids and sterols in microorganisms, demonstrating a promising commercial prospect for industrial production. Prenyltransferase (PT), a key enzyme in the synthesis of isoprenoids, regulates the production of secondary metabolites. In this paper, we review the recent studies about the isolation and identification of prenyltransferases in microorganisms and introduce their structural features, chain length determination mechanisms, and complex evolution. Furthermore, we overview the applications of the regulation of enzyme gene expression and the current status of research on biosynthesis, aiming to provide ideas for in-depth study of the mechanism of action and applications of prenyltransferases.