植物3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因研究进展

细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸、叶绿素、萜类等类异戊二烯物质，是植物中广泛存在的一类代谢产物，在植物生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用。一些萜类化合物作为药物的合成前体或有效的药用成分在工农业及医药生产上具有重要的经济价值。类异戊二烯物质主要通过甲羟戊酸代谢途径中的一系列酶催化合成，其中，3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, HMGR)是该代谢途径中的第一个关键限速酶，能够将3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A转化成中间代谢产物甲羟戊酸。对植物HMGR基因的克隆、酶结构和功能分析、基因组织表达及调控等方面进行了综述，旨在为其在重要农作物的遗传改良、代谢产物工程植物创制以及植物亲缘关系分析中的应用等研究提供理论依据。

Advances on Plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (HMGR) Genes

Isoprenoids such as cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acids, chlorophylls and carotenoids, which are widely exist in plants, play important roles in the growth, development of plants. Some terpenoids used as precursors of drugs or effective medicinal components have vital economic values in agricultural and pharmaceutical production. Isoprenoids are mainly synthesized by a series of enzymes including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary CoA reductase (HMGR). HMGR has been considered as the first rate-limited enzyme, which catalyses the conversion of 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate. This paper mainly summarized the advances of plant HMGR in the respect of cDNA cloning, gene regulation, gene expression in different tissues of plants, enzyme kinetics study, enzyme structure and functional analysis, which might provide the theory basis for application of HMGR in genetic improvement of major crops, creation of engineering plants highly producing valuable isoprenoids, and determination of plant phylogenetic relationship.