用模块化分子元件调控和编程生物系统

合成生物学的目标包括“通过合成来理解生命”以及用现代工程学方法设计合成复杂生物系统．其工程学目标的实现依赖于可集成、可调控、可重用、功能多样的蛋白质、RNA、DNA等基本分子元件．以分子机制为基础，合理设计与实验室进化相结合，改造和创建生物分子的相互作用特异性、调控方式、定量活性等，是实现生物系统人工调控与编程的重要策略，同时为自下而上设计合成日益复杂的人工生物系统奠定基础．

Regulating and Programming Biological Systems With Modular Molecular Parts

The objectives of synthetic biology include to understand life through synthesis and to engineer complex biological systems based on general principles of modern engineering sciences. The engineering goal relies on the availability of molecular parts with diverse functions that can be predictably integrated, regulated and reused. These parts may include proteins, RNA, DNA and their complexes. Based on the understanding of molecular mechanisms and judicious combinations of rational design and laboratory evolution, specific interactions, regulatory functions and activities of biomolecules can be artificially changed or created. This comprises an important strategy to artificially regulate and reprogram existing biological systems. It also lays the foundation for the bottom-up design and construction of artificial biological systems of increasing complexity.