Efficiency and accuracy of SOS-induced DNA polymerases replicating benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide A and G adducts.

Nucleotide incorporation fidelity, mismatch extension, and translesion DNA synthesis efficiencies were determined using SOS-induced Escherichia coli DNA polymerases (pol) II, IV, and V to copy 10R and 10S isomers of trans-opened benzoa]pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide (BaP DE) A and G adducts. A-BaP DE adducts were bypassed by pol V with moderate accuracy and considerably higher efficiency than by pol II or IV. Error-prone pol V copied G-BaP DE-adducted DNA poorly, forming A*G-BaP DE-S and -R mismatches over C*G-BaP DE-S and -R correct matches by factors of approximately 350- and 130-fold, respectively, even favoring G*G-BaP DE mismatches over correct matches by factors of 2-4-fold. In contrast, pol IV bypassed G-BaP DE adducts with the highest efficiency and fidelity, making misincorporations with a frequency of 10(-2) to 10(-4) depending on sequence context. G-BaP DE-S-adducted M13 DNA yielded 4-fold fewer plaques when transfected into SOS-induced DeltadinB (pol IV-deficient) mutant cells compared with the isogenic wild-type E. coli strain, consistent with the in vitro data showing that pol IV was most effective by far at copying the G-BaP DE-S adduct. SOS polymerases are adept at copying a variety of lesions, but the relative contribution of each SOS polymerase to copying damaged DNA appears to be determined by the lesion's identity.