Low stomatal density and reduced transpiration facilitate strawberry adaptation to salinity |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Agro-Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy;2. Dept. of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Science (DAAPV), University of Padova, via Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy;3. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy (DIAAT), University of Naples, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy;1. Hydraulic Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Shanghai Department, Shanghai 200439, China;1. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad de Investigación Ecosistemas Continentales Patagónicos (ECOPAT), Centro Nacional Patagónico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CENPAT-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina;2. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina;1. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;2. Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;3. Shanghai Centre for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;4. Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Wuerzburg, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany;5. International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China;1. Water Science and Management Graduate Degree Program, New Mexico State University, MSC 3167, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;2. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;3. Business Economics, Applied Statistics & International Business Department, New Mexico State University, MSC 3CQ, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;1. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;2. Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Water and soil salinization are major constraints to agricultural productions because plant adaptation to hyperosmotic environments is generally associated to reduced growth and ultimately yield loss. Understanding the physiological/molecular mechanisms that link adaptation and growth is one of the greatest challenges in plant stress research since it would allow us to better define strategies to improve crop salt tolerance. In this study we attempted to establish a functional link between morphological and physiological traits in strawberry in order to identify margins to “uncouple” plant growth and stress adaptation. Two strawberry cultivars, Elsanta and Elsinore, were grown under 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM NaCl. Upon salinization Elsanta plants maintained a larger and more functional leaf area compared to Elsinore plants, which were irreversibly damaged at 40 mM NaCl. The tolerance of Elsanta was correlated with a constitutive reduced transpirational flux due to low stomatal density (173 vs. 234 stomata mm−2 in Elsanta and Elsinore, respectively), which turned out to be critical to pre-adapt plants to the oncoming stress. The reduced transpiration rate of Elsanta (14.7 g H2O plant−1 h−1) respect to Elsinore (17.7 g H2O plant−1 h−1) most likely delayed the accumulation of toxic ions into the leaves, preserved tissues dehydration and consented to adjust more effectively to the hyperosmotic environment. Although we cannot rule out the contribution of other physiological and molecular mechanisms to the relatively higher tolerance of Elsanta, here we demonstrate that low stomatal density may be beneficial for cultivars prescribed to be used in marginal environments in terms of salinity and/or drought. |
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