燕麦种质资源形态学性状的遗传多样性

【目的】燕麦种质资源遗传多样性研究不仅有助于种质资源的收集和评价，而且对燕麦生产和育种具有重要指导意义。【方法】研究对260份燕麦种质资源的20个形态学性状多样性、变异及聚类进行分析，评价其形态学性状的遗传变异水平，明确燕麦种质资源的性状特点与遗传多样性，以期为燕麦种质创新和品种改良提供依据。【结果】260份燕麦种质资源形态学性状间存在广泛的遗传多样性，质量性状的遗传多样性指数以粒色最大(1.53),芒色最小(0.76);12个数量性状呈正态分布，数量性状的遗传多样性指数以千粒重最大(2.03),有效分蘖数最小(1.22),变异系数最大的是有效分蘖数(89.02%),最小的是株高(11.19%)。根据燕麦品种(系)间各性状的遗传差异，聚类分析将供试的260份燕麦种质资源分为6类，其中种质群Ⅰ包括42份材料，可作为种用型育种目标的亲本材料；种质群Ⅱ包括31份材料，可作为选育高产饲草品种的亲本材料；种质群Ⅳ包括41份材料，可作为选育大粒专用型品种的育种材料；种质群Ⅴ包括46份材料，可作为燕麦矮化的亲本材料；而种质群Ⅲ包括46份材料，种质群Ⅵ包括54份材料，这两类种质群材料的综合性状表现不突...

Genetic Diversity of Morphological Traits in Oat Germplasm

The study of genetic diversity in oat germplasm resources not only contributes to the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, but also has important guiding significance for the production and breeding of oats. This study analyzed the diversity, variation, and clustering of 20 morphological traits in 260 oat germplasm resources, evaluated the genetic variation level of their morphological traits, and clarified the characteristics and genetic diversity of oat germplasm resources, aiming to provide a basis for oat germplasm innovation and variety improvement. The results showed that there was a significant genetic diversity of morphological traits in the 260 oat germplasm resources. The genetic diversity index of quality traits was the highest in grain color (1.53) and the lowest in awn color (0.76). The genetic diversity index of the 12 quantitative traits was normally distributed, and the genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was the largest in thousand grain weight (2.03) and the smallest in effective tillers (1.22). The highest coefficient of variation was the effective tillering number (89.02%), and the lowest was the plant height (11.19%). According to genetic difference of each characteristic varieties, the 260 accessions should be classified into 6 categories by cluster analysis. Germplasm group I includes 42 materials which can be used as parent materials for seed type selection purposes. Germplasm group II has 31 materials that can be used as parent materials for breeding high-yield forage varieties. Germplasm group IV includes 41 materials that can be used as breeding materials for breeding large grain specific varieties. Germplasm group V includes 46 materials that can be used as parents for oat dwarfing. Germplasm Group III includes 46 materials, while Germplasm Group VI includes 54 materials, and the comprehensive properties of these two germplasm groups were not outstanding. This study can provide theoretical basis for the protection, development and utilization of oat germplasm resources in eastern Inner Mongolia.