Acetaldehyde addition throughout the growth phase alleviates the phenotypic effect of zinc deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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Authors: | Naoufel Cheraiti François-Xavier Sauvage Jean-Michel Salmon |
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Institution: | (1) UMR 1083 Sciences pour l’œnologie, INRA, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France |
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Abstract: | During experiments to determine the effects of exogenously added acetaldehyde on pure cultures of various yeast strains, we
discovered that an early acetaldehyde perfusion during the growth phase allowed several yeasts to partially overcome the phenotypic
effects of zinc depletion during alcoholic fermentation. We, therefore, performed genome-wide expression and proteomic analysis
on an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (VL1) growing in zinc-replete or zinc-depleted conditions in the presence of perfused acetaldehyde to identify
molecular markers of this effect. Zinc depletion severely affects ethanol production and therefore nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD) regeneration, although we observed partial compensation by the upregulation of the poorly efficient Fe-dependent Adh4p
in our conditions. A coordinate metabolic response was indeed observed in response to the early acetaldehyde perfusion, and
particularly of the lower part of glycolysis, leading to the cellular replenishment of NAD cofactor. These various findings
suggest that acetaldehyde exchange between strains may inhibit the growth of some yeast strains while encouraging the growth
of others. This phenomenon could be particularly important for understanding the ecology of colonization of complex fermentation
media by S. cerevisiae after elimination of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. |
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Keywords: | Yeast Zinc depletion Acetaldehyde Anaerobiosis Alcoholic fermentation |
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