植物锥形繁殖体结构及其适应

植物的锥形繁殖体是具有吸湿芒和锐利尖端的一种繁殖体类型。锥形繁殖体结构的功能几乎在植物生活史的各个阶段上都有体现，然而，其最基本的功能是通过繁殖体的打钻作用将自身埋入土壤。从植物繁殖体的形态结构出发，对锥形繁殖体的各项功能进行了综述，重点阐述植物繁殖体打钻作用及其机制方面的研究进展，面临的主要问题和未来的研究方向。

A review on morphology and adaptative significance of trypanophorous diaspore

Trypanophorous diaspores are characterized by combining a hygroscopic awn and a sharply pointed tip at its base. The hygroscopic movement of the awn causes the pointed tip to penetrate into the soil and hairs presenting on the diaspores prevent them from recoiling from the soil when awn untwists again. Through the process, seeds buried themselves into the soil to a certain depth and it is defined as drilling effect of seed or diaspore. The drilling effect is the main advantage of trypanophorous diaspore. In this paper, ecological functions of structures associated with trypanophorous diaspore are summarized briefly, with emphasis on the drilling effect. Various structures on the diaspores should not only be interpreted as adaptations for dispersal, but also as controls at other stages in plant life history. The structures may serve for finishing seed after-ripening and seed burial, enhancing seed germination and seedling establishment. Trypanophorous diaspores also can avoid damage by fire and escape predation by granivores owing to having an effective self-burial mechanism. Thus, studies on the diaspore play an important role in understanding the adaptations of diaspore structure to environment conditions and provide theoretical evidences for the management of ecosystems.