Teleost fish with specific genome duplication as unique models of vertebrate evolution |
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Authors: | Yukuto Sato Mutsumi Nishida |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Molecular Marine Biology, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Minamidai 1-15-1, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan;(2) Present address: Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan |
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Abstract: | Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is believed to be one of the major evolutionary events that shaped the genome organization
of vertebrates. Here, we review recent research on vertebrate genome evolution, specifically on WGD and its consequences for
gene and genome evolution in teleost fishes. Recent genome analyses confirmed that all vertebrates experienced two rounds
of WGD early in their evolution, and that teleosts experienced a subsequent additional third-round (3R)-WGD. The 3R-WGD was
estimated to have occurred 320–400 million years ago in a teleost ancestor, but after its divergence from a common ancestor
with living non-teleost actinopterygians (Bichir, Sturgeon, Bowfin, and Gar) based on the analyses of teleost-specific duplicate
genes. This 3R-WGD was confirmed by synteny analysis and ancestral karyotype inference using the genome sequences of Tetraodon and medaka. Most of the tetrapods, on the other hand, have not experienced an additional WGD; however, they have experienced
repeated chromosomal rearrangements throughout the whole genome. Therefore, different types of chromosomal events have characterized
the genomes of teleosts and tetrapods, respectively. The 3R-WGD is useful to investigate the consequences of WGD because it
is an evolutionarily recent WGD and thus teleost genomes retain many more WGD-derived duplicates and “traces” of their evolution.
In addition, the remarkable morphological, physiological, and ecological diversity of teleosts may facilitate understanding
of macrophenotypic evolution on the basis of genetic/genomic information. We highlight the teleosts with 3R-WGD as unique
models for future studies on ecology and evolution taking advantage of emerging genomics technologies and systems biology
environments. |
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