鞘氨醇-1-磷酸与免疫细胞的调节

鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（sphingosine-1 phosphate，S1P）是来源于鞘脂代谢途径的多效性信号分子，其代谢受到多种因素调控。S1P由细胞内的鞘氨醇激酶（sphingosine kinases，SphKs）催化鞘氨醇的磷酸化而合成，可通过转运蛋白释放至细胞外。S1P可通过在胞外结合其特异性G蛋白偶联受体及胞内作用而调节多种重要生物学效应。作为细胞外介质和细胞内信使，S1P在免疫系统中也发挥重要的调节作用。S1P参与免疫细胞的迁移、增殖、分化及死亡细胞清除等过程。本文对S1P的代谢以及其对于免疫细胞的调节作用进行综述。

The Role of Sphingosine-1-phosphate in the Regulation of Immune Cells

The bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a pleiotropic signaling molecule. S1P metabolism is regulated by many factors. S1P is produced by the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) in the cell and can be exported out of cells via transporters. By binding to its specific G protein-coupled receptors outside the cell, S1P is involved in a variety of biological responses. As extracellular mediator and intracellular messenger, S1P also plays an important role in the immune system. S1P is involved in the migration, proliferation, differentiation of immune cells and dying cell clearance. The metabolism of S1P and its role in immune cells were reviewed in this article.