骨关节炎滑膜病变的体液标志物研究进展

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis，OA）是一种以进行性关节软骨的退化、骨赘形成及软骨下骨硬化为病理特征的疾病。近年来研究发现，关节滑膜的炎症也是骨关节炎发病的重要病理机制。骨关节炎患者体内血清及滑液中包含大量滑膜细胞和软骨细胞的代谢产物，如胶原蛋白降解产物、C反应蛋白降解产物、透明质酸、细胞因子和糖蛋白等，这些滑膜或软骨细胞的代谢产物与骨关节炎密切相关，它们在骨关节炎滑膜病变的发生和发展过程中发挥重要作用，能够一定程度反映骨关节炎患者体内关节滑膜的炎症程度及骨关节炎的进展程度。早期骨关节炎的滑膜病变在医学影像学检查中难以被识别和诊断，因此，寻找与骨关节炎滑膜病变相关的特异性生物学标志物有助于骨关节炎滑膜炎的早期诊断及进展评估。综述了以上各种滑膜或软骨细胞代谢产物与骨关节炎骨膜病变相关关系的研究进展，以期为未来开发相应的生化检测手段和药物提供理论依据。

Research Progress of Body Fluid Markers of Osteoarthritis Synovial Lesions

Osteoarthritis （OA） is a disease characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation， osteophyte formation， and subchondral bone sclerosis. In recent years， studies have found that the inflammation of synovium is also an important pathological mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The serum and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis contain a large number of metabolites of synovial cells and chondrocytes， such as collagen degradation products， C-reactive protein degradation products， hyaluronic acid， cytokines， and glycoproteins. These metabolites of synovial cells or chondrocytes are closely related to osteoarthritis， and they play important roles in the occurrence and development of synovial diseases of osteoarthritis， which can reflect the degree of inflammation of joint synovium and the progress of osteoarthritis in patients with osteoarthritis to a certain extent. The synovial lesions of early osteoarthritis are difficult to be identified and diagnosed in medical imaging examinations. Therefore， finding sensitive and specific biomarkers related to osteoarthritis synovial lesions is helpful for osteoarthritis synovium early diagnosis of inflammation and evaluation of its progress. This paper summarized the research progress of the relationship between metabolites of synovial cells or chondrocytes above and osteoarthritis synovial lesions， which was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of corresponding biochemical detection methods and drugs in the future.