驯化对作物微生物组多样性和群落结构的影响及作用途径

植物与共存微生物的相互作用对植物的生长、发育、健康等具有重大影响。人类驯化导致现代作物品种与其野生祖先在生理遗传特性、生长环境等方面存在明显差异, 这必然会影响作物与其微生物组的相互作用。理解驯化对作物微生物组的影响及其作用机理, 是充分应用微生物组进行作物改良或人工育种的重要理论基础。结合课题组前期研究基础, 该文综述了驯化对作物地下和地上部分细菌和真菌(尤其是益生菌和病原菌)群落组成和多样性影响的研究现状; 并结合驯化对作物植株形态、根系构型、根系分泌物等生理特征以及生长环境的影响, 分析了驯化塑造作物微生物组的作用途径, 提出了该领域值得重点关注的研究和发展方向。

Impacts and action pathways of domestication on diversity and community structure of crop microbiome: a review

Interactions between plants and coexisting microorganisms have significant impacts on plant growth, development, and health. Human domestication has resulted in significant differences between modern crops and their wild ancestors in physiological and genetic characteristics and growth environment, which will inevitably affect the interaction between crops and their microbiomes. Understanding the impact of domestication on the diversity and community structure of microbiome and the mechanisms involved is an important theoretical basis for application of microbiome during crop improvement and breeding. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the effects of domestication on the community composition and diversity of root and shoot microbiome (bacteria and fungi) in crops. We also analyze the involved action pathways in shaping crop microbiomes by domestication, considering the domestication effect on crop morphology, root configuration, exudates and other physiological characteristics, and the change in growth environment. The research directions that need to be focused on in this field were proposed.