低温型真菌抗肿瘤活性次级代谢产物研究进展

真菌栖息生境及物种的多样性使其次级代谢产物化学结构和生物活性呈多样性特点,结构与功能多样的真菌次级代谢产物已成为新药先导化合物发现的重要资源。低温型真菌因其独特而恶劣的生存环境进化出特有的适冷特性及代谢途径,使其产生结构新颖、活性显著的次级代谢产物的几率大大提升,已成为药物研发的热点领域。近年来,研究者陆续从高海拔地区、南北极地和深海地带等低温生境分离鉴定出上百种结构新颖的次级代谢产物,并显示出抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒和免疫调节等多种活性。本文对近10年来源于上述生境的低温型真菌抗肿瘤活性次级代谢产物的研究进展进行综述,为其用于创制抗肿瘤新药提供新思路。

Research progress on antitumor secondary metabolites from cold-adapted fungi

The diversity and biotopes of fungi result in the production of a variety of secondary metabolites with versatile chemical structures and bioactivities, and they have become important sources for the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents. During the long-term evolutionary process, the cold-adapted (psychrophilic and psychrotrophic) fungi have formed a set of unique cold-adaptive mechanisms and metabolic processes to adapt themselves to the harsh and extreme living environment, leading to increase the chances of producing new metabolites which are hopefully applicable as therapeutic agents. In recent years, hundreds of new compounds have been isolated and identified from cold-adapted fungi derived from high altitude areas, the Antarctic, the Arctic and deep sea. These compounds show many interesting bioactivities including antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral and immunomodulatory functions. In this paper, new research advances of cold-adapted fungi and their antitumor secondary metabolites are outlined, and these valuable information might useful for the development of novel antitumor agents from cold-adapted fungi.