三极冰川冰尘微生物及其介导的碳氮生物地球化学循环研究进展

冰尘是散落在冰川表面由矿物质、有机质和微生物组成的聚合体，其主要来源包括远源输送来的细粉尘和气溶胶组分、局地源的粗冰碛物及来自周围生态系统的土壤和植物碎屑等。冰尘对太阳辐射具有较强的吸收作用，可降低冰面反照率、促进冰川融化。冰尘也是迄今为止生物多样性最高的冰川表面微生物栖息地，生活着细菌、真菌、藻类等。冰尘微生物是冰川表面地球化学循环的主要驱动者，微生物分解转化冰尘内有机质，降低冰川表面反照率影响冰川物质平衡。基于冰尘的重要性，本文综述了南极、北极、青藏高原第三极冰川冰尘的物理和化学特征及其影响因素，冰尘微生物群落组成及其介导的碳氮生物地球化学循环过程，并展望了冰尘微生物研究的前景。

Research progress of cryoconite microorganisms and biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen driven by cryoconite in tripolar glaciers

Cryoconite is a kind of granular sediment found on the surface of glacier, and comprises minerals, organic materials and biomaterials. The sources of cryoconite mainly come from dust and aerosol transported from far sources, and coarse moraine from local sources and plant debris from surrounding ecosystems. With high absorption of solar radiation, cryoconite can reduce the surface albedo of glacier and promote glacier melting. Cryoconite is also the most diverse microbial habitat on the surface of glacier, where bacteria, fungi, and algae live in. Microbes in cryoconite are the main drivers of the geochemical cycling on the glacial surface, which decompose and transform the organic matter in cryoconite, decrease the albedo, and affect the material balance process of the glacier. In view of this, this paper reviewed the physical and chemical characteristics, potentially influencing factors of which, the microbial community structure, and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen driven by cryoconite microbes in glaciers of Antarctica, Arctic and the third pole (TP). In addition, we also put forward research directions on cryoconite microbes.