高粱穗部主要性状的配合力分析

以4个高粱不育系13163A、1358A、128A和407A,以及6个恢复系9.1R、213R、272R、381R、矮182R和早21R为试验材料,按照不完全双列杂交设计(NCII),对其F1的穗部主要性状进行配合力分析。结果表明:亲本穗部主要性状存在显著的遗传差异,主要表现为加性基因效应遗传的性状有:穗长、一级枝梗数、二级枝梗数、穗粒数;狭义遗传力大小顺序分别为:二级枝梗数一级枝梗数穗长穗粒数穗粒重千粒重。不同亲本的一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)在不同穗部性状间存在较大差异。不育系407A和恢复系早21R、9.1R是综合性状较好的亲本材料,利用它们可组配出产量较高的杂交组合。恢复系272R组配的杂交种具有穗粒数较多、千粒重较小的特点,能满足市场上对小粒高粱的需求。深入分析高粱杂交亲本穗部主要性状表现,有利于对亲本材料的进一步了解和利用。

Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles

Sorghum Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench] is one of the main crops in China,which plays an important role in food forage and production of raw materials.In recent years,sorghum area and production are gradually decline,sharpening the contradictions between supply and demand in China.Developing high yield and adapted hybrid sorghum is one approach to resolving grain deficits.The fine panicles structure is the basis of sorghum yield.So,optimizing the characteristics of sorghum panicles is an effective way to solve the problem of supply and demand.However,optimizing the characteristics of sorghum panicles was ultimately attributed to the combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles.This paper investigated the genetic characteristics of the main characters of sorghum panicle,evaluated the utilization value of the latest introduction and cultivated sorghum parental materials,and provided theoretical basis and reference for sorghum panicle breeding.Four newly bred and introduced sorghum sterile lines (13163 A,1358 A,128 A and 407 A) were designated as females and were crossed with six male restorer lines (9.1 R,213 R,272 R,3 81 R,Dwarf182 R and Early21 R).Combining ability studies were conducted on these parents along with their F1 hybrids for primary branch number,secondary branch number,spike length,grain number per spike,grain weight per spike,1000-kernel weight in autumn 2015 and in Yuanjiang County,Yunnan.The combining ability of this traits of F1 generation's panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII).The results showed that the main panicle traits existed significant genetic differences,and the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits were:spike length,primary branches number,secondary branch number,grain number per spike.The order of heritability in the narrow sense was:secondary branch number ＞ primary branch number ＞ spike length ＞ grain number per spike ＞ grain weight per spike ＞ 1000-kernel weight.The primary branches and secondary branches were higher in the narrow sense of heredity,which indicated that their genetic stability was less influenced by the environment and could be chosen in the early stage.However thousand seed weight and spike grain weight were lower in the narrow sense of heritability and should be paid attention on influence of the environment.There was a great difference between the different parents' common combination (GCA)and special combination (SCA) characters in different traits.Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R,9.1R which had better comprehensive characteristic were good parental materials,which could be combined with higher yield hybrid combinations.The hybrids of restorer 272R had the characteristics of lower grain number and small grain weight,which could meet the demand of small grain sorghum in the market.In this paper,the main characters of sorghum hybrids were analyzed in detail,which was beneficial to the further understanding and utilization of parental materials.