三七表型变异及其对气候因子的响应

为了解三七(Panax notoginseng)表型变异的发生机理,结合地理信息系统和多元统计分析,研究了云南和广西的3年生栽培三七表型变异与气候因子的关系及性状间的内在联系。结果表明,三七的茎生物量、地下生物量和总生物量变异系数较大;地上生物量比和地下生物量比的变异系数较小。相关分析表明,表型变异受多种气候因子的共同影响,降水对三七表型变异的影响强于温度,不同季节降水量变化幅度是决定三七茎粗和叶面积的关键气候因子。三七地下生物量、总生物量随年均气温、年均降水量、最干月降水量的升高呈下降趋势,而随月均温变幅、昼夜温差与年温差比值的升高呈增加趋势。日照时数的增加使三七地上生物量比降低,并促进地下生物量和总生物量的积累。因此,随产地气候条件的变化,三七表现出较强的形态性状变异,可能是三七通过表型变异以适应异质生境。

Phenotypic Variation of Panax notoginseng and Response to Climatic Factors

In order to understand the mechanism of phenotypic variation in Panax notoginseng, the relation between phenotypic variation and climatic factors of 3-year-old P. notoginseng was studied cultivated in Yunnan and Guangxi by using multivariate statistical analysis combined with GIS technology. The results showed that the variation coefficient (CV) of plant stem mass, underground part mass and total mass were high, while that of aerial part ratio and underground part ratio were low. Correlation analysis showed that phenotypic variation was influenced by various climatic factors. The effect of precipitation on phenotypic variation of P. notoginseng was stronger than that of temperature. The range of precipitation seasonality was a key climatic factor for phenotypic variation of stem diameter and leaf area. Underground part mass and total mass of P. notoginseng decreased with increment of mean annual temperature, annual precipitation and precipitation of the driest month, and which increased with increasing of mean monthly temperature range and isothermality. The increment of sunshine duration would decrease of aerial mass ratio of P. notoginseng, and accelerate the accumulation of underground part mass and total mass. Therefore, it was suggested that the variation in morphological traits of P. notoginseng was strong with the changes in climate condition of producing area, which would be adapted to heterogeneous environments.