粤西茂名地区毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特征研究

目的探讨茂名地区毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特征。方法收集2014~2019年我院收治的毒蛇咬伤患者1625例的临床资料,对毒蛇种类、性别、年龄、咬伤部位、咬伤地点、伤后就诊时间、住院时间进行统计分析。结果茂名地区主要致伤毒蛇为竹叶青蛇和眼镜蛇;受伤患者以41~70岁男性多见;被咬伤部位主要为腕关节、踝关节以下;咬伤地点多发生在农田及山林处;被蛇咬伤后81.85%的患者在伤后2~8 h就诊,91.32%的患者在治疗1~3天出院。结论茂名地区毒蛇咬伤的主要致伤蛇种为竹叶青和眼镜蛇,野外作业、游玩和田间劳作人员要提高警惕,慎防毒蛇咬伤,一旦被毒蛇咬伤应及时治疗,以减少蛇伤并发症,提高治疗效果。

Epidemiological characteristics of poisonous snakebites in Maoming area,western Guangdong Province

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of poisonous snakebites in Maoming area.Methods 1625 cases of poisonous snakebites patients admitted in our hospital from 2014 to 2019 in Maoming area were collected.The species of poisonous snakes causing injury,gender,age,bitten site,bitten spot,prehospital time,hospitalization days were analyzed.Results The major species of poisonous snakes causing injury in Maoming area were Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Chinese cobra;most of the injured patients were male and usually between 41 and 70 years old;the injured parts were mainly below the wrist and ankle;the majority of snakebites occurred on the farmlands and forests;the patients whose prehospital time were within 2-8 hours occupied 81.85%,the patients who leave the hospital within 1-3 days occupied 91.32%.Conclusion Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Chinese cobra were the main viper snake in Maoming area.The people who play and work in the field should be vigilant to prevent snakebites.Once bitten by poisonous snake,it should be treated in time to reduce the complications and improve the therapeutic effect.