Chemiosmotic coupling of ion transport in the yeast vacuole: Its role in acidification inside organelles |
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Authors: | Yoh Wada Yasuhiro Anraku |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153 Tokyo, Japan;(2) Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113 Tokyo, Japan |
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Abstract: | Acidification inside the vacuo-lysosome systems is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms and essential for organelle functions. The acidification of these organelles is accomplished by proton-translocating ATPase belonging to the V-type H+-ATPase superfamily. However, in terms of chemiosmotic energy transduction, electrogenic proton pumping alone is not sufficient to establish and maintain those compartments inside acidic. Current studies have shown that thein situ acidification depends upon the activity of V-ATPase and vacuolar anion conductance; the latter is required for shunting a membrane potential (interior positive) generated by the positively charged proton translocation. Yeast vacuoles possess two distinct Cl– transport systems both participating in the acidification inside the vacuole, a large acidic compartment with digestive and storage functions. These two transport systems have distinct characteristics for their kinetics of Cl– uptake or sensitivity to a stilbene derivative. One shows linear dependence on a Cl– concentration and is inhibited by 4,4-diisothiocyano-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). The other shows saturable kinetics with an apparentK
m
for Cl– of approximately 20 mM. Molecular mechanisms of the chemiosmotic coupling in the vacuolar ion transport and acidification inside are discussed in detail. |
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Keywords: | Vacuolar acidification anion transport chloride transport protonmotive force V-ATPase membrane potential pH" target="_blank">gif" alt="Delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">pH |
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