菜子湖冬季水鸟空间分布与环境因子的关系研究

水鸟空间分布与环境因子的关系是生态研究的重要内容,环境因子的变化可以通过改变栖息地的生境特征、食物资源从而直接或间接影响水鸟的种类、数量和分布.利用网格单元对2019—2020年菜子湖冬季水鸟及其环境因子进行调查,共记录到水鸟6目12科41种,其优势种为豆雁(Anser fabalis)和黑腹滨鹬(Calidris a...

Relationship between environmental factors and spatial distribution of wintering waterbirds at Caizi Lake,China

It is an important content of ecological research to study the relationship between the spatial distribution of waterbirds and environmental factors.Variations in environmental factors can directly or indirectly affect the species,abundance and distribution of waterbirds by changing habitat characteristics and food resources.In this study,we investigated the wintering waterbirds and environmental factors at Caizi Lake in China using grid cells,in the winter of 2019-2020.A total of 41 waterbirds species belonging to 6 orders of 12 families were counted during the surveys,and the dominant species were bean geese(Anser fabalis)and dunlin(Calidris alpina).Spatial autocorrelation and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to study the spatial distribution patterns of wintering waterbirds and determine the main environmental factors affecting their distribution in different foraging groups.The percentage of individuals of grid birds results showed that the wintering waterbirds at Caizi Lake were mainly distributed in Tangwu(30.98%),Meihuadawei(10.53%),Jizhuang(7.87%),Chefu Island(6.49%)and Shuangxing Village(5.67%).The distribution patterns of tuber-eating waterbirds and sedge-eating waterbirds revealed significantly positive autocorrelations and clustered distributions (P<0.05, I>0), while those of seed-eating waterbirds, invertebrate-eating waterbirds and fish-eating waterbirds showed non-autocorrelational and random distributions (P>0.05). Environmental factors had differing effects on different waterbird foraging groups. Fish-eating waterbirds tended to choose the open water which has large areas, while the mudflats exposed by the wetland attracted invertebrate-eating waterbirds. The degradation of submerged vegetation led to the aggregation and distribution of tuber-eating waterbirds in farmland and grassland habitats. The quantity of sedge-eating waterbirds increased significantly because of the formation of vast grasslands. Seed-eating waterbirds were often distributed in low-vegetation and open water habitats. The distance to the nearest settlement or to the road had significant effects on tuber eaters, sedge eaters, seed eaters, and fish eaters (P<0.05). Therefore, the influence of environmental factors on different foraging groups of wintering waterbirds should be considered in the protection and management of the Caizi Lake wetland.