太行山南段油松群落物种多样性研究

油松是太行山区重要的植树造林树种。本文以太行山南段为研究区域,采用随机取样法对武乡、黎城、襄垣、平顺、壶关、屯留6个地区油松的物种多样性与群落多样性进行了分析比较。结果表明:(1)6个地区油松群落中共有种子植物34科70属81种,包含乔木4科4属5种、灌木7科12属15种、草本23科54属61种;(2)太行山南段油松群落种子植物属的区系成分类型多样,以温带成分占绝对优势;(3)武乡、黎城、襄垣、平顺、壶关5个地区油松群落的物种多样性表现出较为一致的变化趋势,即草本层灌木层乔木层,而屯留的不同功能群物种多样性表现为草本层=灌木层乔木层;(4)6个地区油松群落多样性从高到低依次为平顺黎城襄垣武乡屯留壶关;(5)油松群落多样性和物种多样性水平受群落演替进程、地理环境、人为干扰等诸多因子的协同作用。

Analysis on Species Diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis Forest Communities in the Southern Taihang Mountains

Pinus tabulaeformis is an important forestation species not only because of its forestry and industrial value, but also its ecological value in wind prevention, sand fixation, and water and soil forestry conservation. Due to its strong adaptability and tolerance to drought and poor soil, it is distributed widely in the Taihang Mountains. Using random sampling combined with the species richness, Pielou, Simpson and Shannon-Weiner indices, species and community diversities of P.tabulaeformis forests were comparatively studied in the Xiangyuan, Wuxiang, Huguan, Licheng, Pingshun and Tunliu regions of the southern Taihang Mountains. Results showed there were 81 species, belonging to 70 genera and 34 families in the P. tabulaeformis community in the six regions. Among them, there were 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species in the arbor layer, 7 families, 12 genera and 15 species in the shrub layer, and 23 families, 54 genera, and 61 species in the herb layer. The floral composition of genera in the southern Taihang Mountains was diversified, and exhibited some typical characteristics of warm-temperate composition. Species diversity of the different functional groups was herb layer > shrub layer > arbor layer in Xiangyuan, Wuxiang, Huguan, Licheng and Pingshun, but was herb layer=shrub layer > arbor layer in Tunliu. Community diversity of the six regions was in the order of Pingshun > Licheng > Xiangyuan > Wuxiang > Tunliu > Huguan. The community and species diversities of the P. tabulaeformis forests in the southern Taihang Mountains were influenced by many factors, including community succession, geographical and environmental factors and human disturbance.