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Viral impacts on honey bee populations: A review
Authors:Amjad Ullah  Ivana Tlak Gajger  Arnold Majoros  Showket Ahmad Dar  Sanaullah Khan  Ayesha Haleem Shah  Muhammad Nasir Khabir  Riaz Hussain  Hikmat Ullah Khan  Mehwish Hameed  Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
Affiliation:1. Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat-26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;2. Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;3. Veterinary Ambulance LunaVet, Novi Sad, Serbia;4. Division of Agricultural Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India;5. Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;6. Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Abstract:
Honey bee is vital for pollination and ecological services, boosting crops productivity in terms of quality and quantity and production of colony products: wax, royal jelly, bee venom, honey, pollen and propolis. Honey bees are most important plant pollinators and almost one third of diet depends on bee’s pollination, worth billions of dollars. Hence the role that honey bees have in environment and their economic importance in food production, their health is of dominant significance. Honey bees can be infected by various pathogens like: viruses, bacteria, fungi, or infested by parasitic mites. At least more than 20 viruses have been identified to infect honey bees worldwide, generally from Dicistroviridae as well as Iflaviridae families, like ABPV (Acute Bee Paralysis Virus), BQCV (Black Queen Cell Virus), KBV (Kashmir Bee Virus), SBV (Sacbrood Virus), CBPV (Chronic bee paralysis virus), SBPV (Slow Bee Paralysis Virus) along with IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus), and DWV (Deformed Wing Virus) are prominent and cause infections harmful for honey bee colonies health. This issue about honey bee viruses demonstrates remarkably how diverse this field is, and considerable work has to be done to get a comprehensive interpretation of the bee virology.
Keywords:Honey bees  Pollination  Viruses  Impacts  Honey bee colony losses  Host immunity
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