The Effect of Ultrasonificated Extracts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spirulina maxima</Emphasis> on the Anticancer Activity |
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Authors: | Sung-Ho Oh Juhee Ahn Do-Hyung Kang Hyeon-Yong Lee |
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Institution: | (1) College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Division of Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea;(2) Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan, P.O. Box 29, Seoul, 426-744, South Korea;(3) Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea; |
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Abstract: | The effect of ultrasonic extraction on extraction yields, cytotoxicity, and anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima was investigated in this study. Optimal extraction conditions were determined as 60 kHz frequency at 60°C for 30 min with
120 W intensity, which resulted in 19.3% of extraction yields and 19.1% of cytotoxicity on normal human cells. Yields from
conventional water and ethanol extraction were 15.8% at 100°C and 8.3% at 80°C, respectively. It was found that the extracts
obtained by ultrasonic extraction process selectively inhibited the digestive-related cancer cell lines, such as human stomach
cancer cells, having 89% of the highest inhibition ratio and 4.5 of the highest selectivity. In adding 0.5 mg/mL of the extract,
human promyelocytic leukemia cells' cell differentiation was increased 1.72 times over that of the control. Expression level
of B cell lymphoma-2 from Hep3B cell was also effectively suppressed by the extract obtained at 60 kHz and 60°C, leading to
the inhibition of the early step of carcinogenesis. This work suggests that anticancer activity of the extracts is due to
water-soluble polysaccharides rather than proteins and is further supported by the result that the ultrasonification extraction
process can efficiently extract relatively intact polysaccharides rather than digesting the proteins in S. maxima by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and high performance size exclusion chromatography chromatogram
analyses. Therefore, ultrasonic extraction increases both extraction yield and the biological activity of S. maxima extracts, which might be useful as an alternative natural anticancer agent in the medical and food industries. |
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