AMF与嫁接对西瓜连作土壤理化和微生物状况的影响

将嫁接京欣1号葫芦砧Lagenaria siceraria、京欣2号南瓜砧Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata和不嫁接的京欣4号西瓜自根苗定植于西瓜连作土壤中,接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme和根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices处理,以不接种丛枝菌根真菌的处理为对照。结果表明,与对照相比所有处理均显著降低土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,但提高土壤pH。接种AMF并嫁接处理的>2mm和2-0.25mm粒级土壤团聚体含量显著高于单纯嫁接或只接种AMF或对照,所有处理的0.25-0.053mm与<0.053mm粒级土壤团聚体含量均显著低于对照。以接种AMF并嫁接处理的土壤细菌数量显著高于其他处理,而所有处理的真菌数量则显著低于对照,接种AMF并嫁接处理的放线菌数量一般高于对照。接种AMF并嫁接处理的土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性显著高于对照。接种AMF结合嫁接改善连作土壤理化特性和土壤微生物区系的效应大于只嫁接或仅接种AMF的单一处理的。

Effects of AMF and grafting on soil physical,chemical and microbial characters in continuous cropping watermelon soil

The plants of Jingxin 4 watermelon grafted with Jingxin 1 cucurbit (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstock (JX1), and those of Jingxin 4 watermelon grafted with Jingxin 2 pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) rootstock were planted in continuous cropping watermelon soil, while plants of Jingxin 4 without grafting were set up as control. The experimental pots were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Rhizophagus intraradices, while the pots without inoculation of AMF was set up as control. As compared with the control, the content of total N, available P, available K and organic matter in soil of all the treatments decreased, and soil pH increased. The quantity of >2mm and 2-0.25mm soil aggregates in the soil of grafted plants inoculated with AMF was greater than that in the soil of other treatments and the control, while the quantity of 0.25-0.053mm and <0.053mm soil aggregates in all the treatments was significantly lower than that in the control. Bacterium numbers in the soil of grafted plants inoculated with AMF were significantly higher than those in the soil of any other treatments, while the numbers of fungi in the treated soil were lower than those in the control. Soil actinomycete quantities in the soil of grafted plants inoculated with AMF were greater than those in the control. The activities of sucrase, polyphenol oxidase and urease in the soil of grafted plants inoculated with AMF were significantly higher than those in the soil of other treatments and the control. The effect of combination of grafting and AMF inoculation on improving soil fertilities and soil microbe status in continuous cropping soil of watermelon was greater as compared with any other single treatments.