Organization and Expression of the Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet 3111, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Denmark;2. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;4. Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Architecture, Graduate School, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea;2. School of Architecture, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 730-701, South Korea;3. Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea;1. Médecine Intensive Réanimation, University Hospital Center, Nantes, France;2. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, District Hospital Center, La Roche-sur-Yon, France;3. Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France;4. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital Center, Paris, France;5. AfterROSC Network, Cochin University Hospital Center, Paris, France;6. Faculté de Médecine Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA) and the Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation (H. Merdji), Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;7. UMR 1260, Regenerative Nano Medecine, INSERM, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;8. Medical Intensive Care Unit, South Brittany General Hospital Center, Lorient, France;9. Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU Lille, and the Université de Lille, Faculté de Médicine, Lille, France;10. Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Clermond-Ferrand, France;11. Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Tours, France;12. Inserm UMR 1100—Centre d’Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours University, Tours, France;13. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Regional Hospital Center, Orleans, France;14. Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Poitiers, France;15. INSERM, CIC-1402, Équipe ALIVE, Poitiers, France;p. Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France;q. Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Angers, France;r. Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, University Hospital Center, Limoges, France;s. CIC 1435, University Hospital Center, Limoges, France;t. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Le Mans, France;u. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Argenteuil, France;v. Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Dijon, France;w. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Roanne, France;x. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Annecy, France;y. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Versailles, France;z. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Saint Brieuc, France;11. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Lens, France;22. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Angouleme, France;33. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Rodez, France;44. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Saint Malo, France;55. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Montauban, France;66. Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Pointe-à-Pitre, France;77. Erasmus University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium;1. Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, School of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC QLD 4558, Australia;2. School of Aviation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia;3. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;1. University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH;2. Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;1. Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, MG-424 Highway, Km 65, 35701-970, Post Office Box 285, Sete Lagoas/MG, Brazil;2. Embrapa Western Amazon, AM-010 Highway, Km 29, Rural Zone, 69010-970, Post Office Box 319, Manaus/AM, Brazil;3. Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020 Highway, Km 18, Rural Zone, 73310-970, Post Office Box 08223, Planaltina/DF, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The RNA genome of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an unusual small circular single-stranded species that can fold on itself to form an unbranched rod-like structure. This RNA is replicated in the nucleus by RNA-directed RNA synthesis coupled with RNA processing events. During processing events a subgenomic, polyadenylated RNA that is complementary to the genome and expressed in the cytoplasm as the small form of the delta antigen, a 195-amino-acid protein essential for genome replication is produced. The strategies of RNA virus genome organization and expression are very diverse; those used by HDV seem unique among animal viruses, although there are some distant similarities with those used by some plant pathogens. |
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