梵净山保护区同域分布黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的空间分布初探

正物种共存在一定程度上取决于对资源的竞争分化,使其都有足够的资源保障生存和繁殖(Macarthur and Levins,1967; Schoener,1974)。根据竞争排斥原则,生态相似的物种在资源竞争中必然存在生态位的分化(Hardin,1960)。在众多的生态维度中,栖息地分化所形成的空间分布差异是同域野生动物最为常见和重要的生态位分化形式(Schoener,1974)。同时,了解栖息地选择如何影响同域野生动物的空间分布是研究资源分配和竞争模式的必要前提(Rosenzweig,1981)。

Spatial distribution of sympatric Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou, China

In Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, the spatial distributions of Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana are overlapped. In order to understand their competive coexistence relationship, camera traps were set up, from April 2017 to January 2019, to monitor the Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in the area. The difference of habitat selection between Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in different seasons was analyzed by using Occupancy model. The results show that Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana mainly distribute in the evergreen and broad-leaved, deciduous forests in the mid-alpine region, with occurrence rate of 0.85 and 0.65, respectively. Though Rhinopithecus brelichi mainly appear above 1500 m altitude. The simulation by utilizing Occupancy model suggest that during the summer, Rhinopithecus brelichi prefer evergreen and broad-leaved, deciduous forest in the mid-alpine region with lower human disturbance; and the Macaca thibetana prefer to live in other forest types. Both species show spatial avoidance (SIF = 0.87). During the winter, Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana prefer to live at lower altitude, with a spatial overlap of SIF = 1.09. In conclusion, the available habitats of Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana keep change with season, which urge them to develop a spatial coexistence strategy. Meanwhile, this study provides management department with scientific data for effective protection of Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana.