Reviewing the role of cardiac exosomes in myocardial repair at a glance |
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Authors: | Parisa Koohsarian Athar Talebi Mahshid A Rahnama Mina S Zomorrod Saeid Kaviani Arsalan Jalili |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Nervous System, Stem Cell Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran;4. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Hematopoetic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | Exosome-based therapy is an emerging novel approach for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment. Exosomes are identified as extracellular vesicles that are produced within multivesicular bodies in the cells' cytosols and then are secreted from the cells. Exosomes are 30–100 nm in diameter that are released from viable cells and are different from other secreted vesicles such as apoptotic bodies and microvesicles in their origin and contents such as RNAs, proteins, and nucleic acid. The recent advances in exosome research have demonstrated the role of these bionanovesicles in the physiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of the heart. The results of in vitro and preclinical models have shown that exosomes from different cardiac cells can improve cardiac function following MI. For example, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) containing exosomes can affect the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, MSCs- and CPCs-derived exosomes can enhance the migration of endothelial cells. Exosome-based therapy approaches augment the cardiac function by multiple means, such as reducing fibrosis, stimulation of vascular angiogenesis, and proliferation of cardiomyocytes that result in replacing damaged heart tissue with newly generated functional myocytes. This review article aims to briefly discuss the recent advancements in the role of secreted exosomes in myocardial repair by focusing on cardiac cells-derived exosomes. |
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Keywords: | cardiac progenitor cells cardiomyocytes exosomes mesenchymal stem cells myocardial infarction myocardial regeneration |
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