A dynamical study of the mechanical stimuli and tissue differentiation within a CaP scaffold based on micro-CT finite element models |
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Authors: | Clara Sandino and Damien Lacroix |
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Institution: | (1) Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland;(2) Department of Orthopaedics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden;(3) Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; |
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Abstract: | The control of the mechanical stimuli transmitted to the cells is critical for the design of functional scaffolds for tissue
engineering. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the mechanical stimuli transmitted to the cells
during tissue differentiation in an irregular morphology scaffold under compressive load and perfusion flow. A calcium phosphate-based
glass porous scaffold was used. The solid phase and the fluid flow within the pores were modeled as linear elastic solid material
and Newtonian fluid, respectively. In the fluid model, different levels of viscosity were used to simulate tissue differentiation.
Compressive strain of 0.5% and fluid flow with constant inlet velocity of 10 μm/s or constant inlet pressure of 3 Pa were
applied. Octahedral shear strain and fluid shear stress were used as mechano-regulatory stimuli. For constant inlet velocity,
stimuli equivalent to bone were predicted in 80% of pore volume for the case of low tissue viscosity. For the cases of high
viscosity, fluctuations between stimuli equivalent to tissue formation and cell death were predicted due to the increase in
the fluid shear stress when tissue started to fill pores. When constant pressure was applied, stimuli equivalent to bone were
predicted in 62% of pore volume when low tissue viscosity was used and 42% when high tissue viscosity was used. This study
predicted critical variations of fluid shear stress when cells differentiated. If these variations are not controlled in vitro,
they can impede the formation of new matured tissue. |
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