全红型软枣猕猴桃花器结构和开花授粉生物学特性

对全红型软枣猕猴桃天源红花器结构、雌花开放动态及寿命、花期温度、柱头可授性、有效授粉期、有效受精期、花粉管行为等进行了系统研究,以探讨影响天源红结实率低下的原因.结果表明:(1)雌花枝可分为以下5种类型:短缩花枝(0~5 cm)、短花枝(5~10 cm)、中花枝(10~30 cm)、长花枝(30~50 cm)和徒长性花枝(>50cm);(2)柱头属于干性柱头,具有一道裂沟,乳突呈长圆柱形;(3)开花过程可分为以下5个阶段:花萼开裂期、花萼大裂期、花瓣变色期、大蕾期和开花期;(4)整个开花过程温度平稳,开花整齐,雌花单花期为1~2 d;(5)柱头可授性在花后1~2 d最强,花开后3~5 d可授性逐渐降低,花后第6天丧失可授性;有效授粉期为开花第1天和第2天;有效受精时期为授粉后5~10 h;(6)授粉后0.5 h花粉就能在柱头乳突细胞表面萌发并进入花柱道生长;授粉后10 h花粉管生长到达花柱底部.初步推断,花期、有效授粉期以及柱头可授性时间短,是天源红坐果率相对较低的主要原因.

Flower Structure and Biological Characteristics of All Red Actinidia arguta

The study included flower structure,floral dynamic and life,bloom temperature,stigma receptivity,effective pollination period,availability fecundation time and embryogenesis of the all red Actinidia arguta 'Tianyuanhong',to explore the factors that caused its low fruit setting rate.The main results were as follows:(1)Female flower branches include the following five types:spur flower branch(0~5 cm),short flower branch(5~10 cm),middle flower branch(10~30 cm),long flower branch(30~50 cm) and branch with flowe...