湟水流域生态系统服务供需匹配关系

生态系统服务供需可以反映出区域生态经济发展协调水平,在空间上量化生态系统服务的供给和需求,识别生态系统服务的供需匹配关系,对区域生态系统可持续管理具有重要意义。湟水流域是西北生态屏障建设的重要组成部分,其生态系统服务供需平衡直接关系到青海东部地区的生态安全,为了识别流域生态系统服务供需匹配状况,综合集成多源数据,运用多种生物物理模型定量评估湟水流域食物生产、产水、土壤保持和碳固定服务,刻画流域内生态系统服务供需格局的空间特征,揭示各项生态系统服务供需的空间聚集模式,生成具有高度连通性的区域,为生态优先保护区划分提供参考。研究表明：（1）湟水流域生态系统服务供给和需求在空间分布上具有高度异质性,除去产水服务,其他三项生态系统服务整体上能够满足流域内部需求,但局部区域仍然呈现明显的赤字特征;（2）不同生态系统服务的供需比差异明显,由高到低依次为是碳固存（0.188）、食物生产（0.114）、土壤保持（0.026）和产水服务（-0.021）,各项服务的供需比都具有显著的空间差异;（3）流域内生态系统服务供需的空间错配现象突出,除产水服务外,各项生态系统服务都有"高供给低需求"地区和"低供给高需求"地区,"高供给低需求"区主要分布在流域上游生态基底条件好的区域,"低供给高需求"区集中在流域中下游的河湟谷地;（4）土地利用类型影响生态系统服务供需平衡,流域实现供需平衡需要适度增加林草地比例,控制耕地和城市用地的扩张。研究系统分析了湟水流域生态系统服务供需盈亏状况,可为流域生态系统可持续管理与土地资源配置决策提供科学支撑。

Supply-demand spatial matching of ecosystem services in the Huangshui River Basin

Supply and demand of ecosystem services can reflect the coordination level of regional eco-economic development. Spatially quantifying the supply and demand of ecosystem services and identifying the mismatch between them are significant to regional ecosystem sustainable management. Huangshui River Basin is an important part of ecological barrier construction in Northwest China. The balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services is directly related to the ecological security of Qinghai Province. Based on the comprehensive multi-source data, multiple biophysical models were used to quantitatively evaluate the supply and demand of food production, water yield, soil conservation and carbon sequestration in Huangshui River Basin. The aim was to show the spatial characteristics of the supply and demand of ecosystem services and to reveal the spatial aggregation pattern of supply-demand in the basin. The results show that:(1) The spatial distribution supply and demand of ecosystem service is highly heterogeneous in Huangshui basin. Except for water yield service,other ecosystem services can meet the internal demand of the basin, but there are still obvious deficit characteristics in some regions. (2) The supply-demand ratio of different ecosystem services is significantly different. It ranks from great to small as follows:carbon sequestration (0.118), food production (0.114), soil conservation (0.026), and water yield service (-0.021). There were significantly spatial differences in the supply-demand ratios of various services in the watershed. (3) The spatial mismatch between supply and demand was prominent in the Huangshui River Basin. Except for water yield service, other ecosystem services have "high supply and low demand" areas and "low supply and high demand" areas. (4) The type of land use affects the balance between supply and demand of all ecosystem services. To achieve the balance between supply and demand, the proportion of forest and grass land should be moderately increased and the expansion of cultivated land and urban land should be controlled. This paper systematically analyze the supply and demand of ecosystem services in Huangshui River Basin, which can provide theoretical support for ecosystem management and decision-making of land resource allocation.