A C-type lectin of Caenorhabditis elegans: its sugar-binding property revealed by glycoconjugate microarray analysis

C-type lectins are a family of proteins with an affinity to carbohydrates in the presence of Ca²⁺. In the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, almost 300 genes encoding proteins containing C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) have been assigned. However, none of their products has ever been shown to have carbohydrate-binding activity. In the present study, we selected 6 potential C-type lectin genes and prepared corresponding recombinant proteins. One of them encoded by clec-79 was found to have sugar-binding activity by using a newly developed glycoconjugate microarray based on evanescent-field excited fluorescence. CLEC-79 exhibited affinity to sugars containing galactose at the non-reducing terminal, especially to the Galβ1-3GalNAc structure, in the presence of Ca²⁺. Combined with structural information of the glycans of C. elegans, these results suggest that CLEC-79 preferentially binds to O-glycans in vivo.