Near-full-length REV3L appears to be a scarce maternal factor in Xenopus laevis eggs that changes qualitatively in early embryonic development |
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Authors: | Daichi Ogawara Taketo Muroya Kazumi Yamauchi Taka-aki Iwamoto Yoshihiko Yagi Yoshihiro Yamashita Shou Waga Masahiro Akiyama Hisaji Maki |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA;2. Department of Pathology, Scott and White, Temple, TX, USA;1. Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave/A41, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America;2. All-Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;3. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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Abstract: | REV3 is the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ζ (pol ζ), which is responsible for the damage-induced mutagenesis that arises during error-prone translesion synthesis in eukaryotes. The related REV3L genes in human and mouse encode proteins of approximately 350 kDa, twice as large as yeast REV3, but full-length REV3L has not been identified in any vertebrate cell. We report that Xenopus laevis REV3L encodes a 352-kDa protein that has high overall amino acid sequence similarity to its mammalian counterparts, and, for the first time in a vertebrate species, we have detected putative REV3L polypeptides of 300 and 340 kDa in X. laevis oocytes. Only the 300-kDa form is stored in eggs, where its concentration of about 65 pM is much lower than those of other replication and repair proteins including the accessory pol ζ subunit REV7. In fertilized eggs, the levels of this polypeptide did not change until neurula; the larger 340-kDa form first appeared at stages after gastrula, suggesting a pattern of regulation during development. These observations indicate the existence of REV3L as a scarce protein, of approximately the full predicted size, whose level may impose severe constraints on the assembly of pol ζ in X. laevis. |
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