雪花莲凝集素基因转化小麦及转基因小麦抗蚜性的研究

雪花莲凝集素对具有刺吸式口器的同翅目害虫具有毒杀作用。用基因枪法将1个新的雪花莲凝集素(GNA)基因转入普通春小麦品种中-60634和生产上正在推广的冬小麦高产品种——豫麦66中，分别获得了转基因小麦植株。抗蚜实验证明，转化gna基因的小麦植株对我国北方冬麦区的主要麦蚜——麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的抗性效果不尽相同。对禾谷缢管蚜，在接种当代即表现出明显的毒杀作用。对麦长管蚜，则表现为虫体发育减缓并且降低了其所生产的若蚜成活率。在自然放养条件下，gna基因则对这两种麦蚜的取食均起到了一定的抑制作用。

Obtainment of Transgenic Wheat with the Insecticidal Lectin from Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin;GNA) Gene and Analysis of Resistance to Aphid

Snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin;GNA) is toxic to sap sucking injurious insects of Homopteran.A new gna gene has been transferred into common spring wheat Zhong60634 and winter wheat Yumai66 with high yield by using the biolistic transformation method.Transgenic wheat plants have been obtained in both of the two varieties. Two transgenic plants (T_0) have been obtained from the bombarded 535 immature embryos of Zhong60634.Bioassay results show that the development of aphid could be slowed down and the survival rate of young aphid could be reduced by gna gene.Seventeen transgenic plants (T_0) were obtained from the bombarded 4636 immature embryos of Yumai66.Twenty plantlets with good resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi and Macrosiphum avenae,which are mainly aphid in north wheat area,were identified from the transgenic plants of T_1 generation that came from 8 T_0 transgenic plants with good resistance to aphid.The anti-aphid bioassay shows that resistance to the different grain aphid is not the same in transgenic wheat plants.To Rhopalosiphum padi,the rate of survival aphid 8 days after exposing transgenic plants to aphids is significantly lower than that of nontransgenic plants.To Macrosiphum avenae,growth speed of aphids is slowed down but not killed.At the same time,the death rate of young aphids is increased.Anyway,feeding of the two kinds of aphids has been controlled in a certain degree by gna gene when aphids can free to move in plants.