Molecular mechanism of selenoprotein P synthesis

Background

Selenoprotein synthesis requires the reinterpretation of a UGA stop codon as one that encodes selenocysteine (Sec), a process that requires a set of dedicated translation factors. Among the mammalian selenoproteins, Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is unique as it contains a selenocysteine-rich domain that requires multiple Sec incorporation events.

Scope of review

In this review we elaborate on new data and current models that provide insight into how SELENOP is made.

Major conclusions

SELENOP synthesis requires a specific set of factors and conditions.

General significance

As the key protein required for proper selenium distribution, SELENOP stands out as a lynchpin selenoprotein that is essential for male fertility, proper neurologic function and selenium metabolism.