世界特种油料种质资源保存概况

为加强特种油料种质资源的收集保存,更好地为育种研究利用提供服务,本文阐述了特种油料种质资源在我国及世界上重点国家的保存情况.美国、印度、欧盟、中国等13个国家共保存向日葵、红花、亚麻(含纤用)、蓖麻及苏子等特种油料种质资源约9万份,其中亚麻30000多份,向日葵21800多份,红花15000多份,蓖麻约5000多份,苏子近900份.欧盟、美国、俄罗斯和加拿大是亚麻资源的主要保存国家(地区);向日葵资源主要集中在美国、欧盟和中国;红花种质主要分布在印度、美国、中国和俄罗斯;蓖麻种质以中国、美国和印度居多.比较这些国家所拥有的特种油料种质资源数量,美国位居第一,保存数量最多,超过22000份;印度其次;欧盟、中国和俄罗斯居中.中国保存特油作物种质资源(蓖麻、向日葵、红花、苏子)8400余份,其中21%为国外种质,国内种质主要来源于湖北省、华北、东北、西北和西南地区.本文为我国特种油料种质资源的引进、收集保存提出了建议.

Status of special oil crops germplasm conservation in the world

In order to strengthen the germplasm collection and conservation of special oil crops, and offer the service for breeding research and utilization expediently, the status of germplasm conservation for special oil crops in China and some important countries was illuminated in this study. Thirteen countries such as America, India, Europe and China et al, hold ninety thousand germplasm accessions of special oil crops including more than 30,000 flax accessions, over 21,800 sunflower accessions, more 15,000 safflower accessions, about 5,000 castor bean accessions and approximately 900 perilla accessions. Most flax resources are conserved in America, Russia, Canada and Europe; sunflower germplasm accessions are mainly collected in America, Europe and China; large numbers of safflower accessions are distributed in India, America, China and Russia; and most castor bean resources are kept in China, America and India. As for the accession numbers of special oil crops among those countries, America ranks first which possesses more than 22,000 accessions, India ranks second, and Europe, China and Russia are in the middle place. Eight thousand four hundred accessions of special oil crops (castor bean, sunflower, safflower and Perilla) are conserved in China, twenty-one percent of which are foreign germplasms, and most of native germplasms come from Hubei Province, North China, Northeast, Northwest and Southwest. This study is valuable for China germplasm introduction, collection and preservation of special oil crops, not only point out the direction, but also provide the reference.