福州大叶榕隐头果内榕小蜂的分类

通过对福州两个样地大叶榕雄花期隐头果进行定时、定点采集,观察与鉴定,从546个花序果内共收集到榕小蜂33641头,隶属于小蜂总科中的7个科(亚科)7个属的11个种,其中传粉小蜂为榕小蜂科的Platyscapa coronata,其余10种非传粉小蜂分别隶属于隐针榕小蜂亚科Epichrysomallinae,金小蜂科Pteromalidae的锥尾榕小蜂亚科Otitesellinae和延腹榕小蜂亚科Sycoryctinae,广肩小蜂科Eurytomidae,刻腹小蜂科Ormyridae和姬小蜂科Eulophidae。传粉小蜂和非传粉小蜂的种类和数量呈现明显的季节性。冬-春季(12-翌年5月)榕果内小蜂的种类和数量较多,传粉榕小蜂是优势种;夏-秋季(6-11月间)小蜂种类和数量略少,Camarothorax bismasculinus和Sycophila sp.1是优势种。在非传粉小蜂中,Camarothorax、Sycophila、Otitesella、Sycoscapter等4个属的榕小蜂为常见种,而Ormyrus和Aprostocetus等2个属的榕小蜂为偶见种。根据小蜂的形态特征制定大叶榕隐头果中榕小蜂种类检索表,本实验为榕小蜂分类、榕-蜂协同进化研究,以及非传粉小蜂对榕-蜂共生体系的影响等研究提供科学依据。

Chalcid wasps on Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata ( Miq.) Corner in Fuzhou

Ficus virens Ait.var.sublanceolata(Miq.) Corner is a monoecious tree widely cultivated for ornamental purpose in Fuzhou.In order to study the wasp species of F.virens Ait.var.sublanceolata in Fuzhou,Fujian,male-phase syconia from two different sites were observed,collected and identified at regular intervals.A total of 33,641 fig wasps were collected from 546 syconia in different seasons.Eleven fig wasp species were found,which belong to Agaonidae,Epichrysomallinae,Otitesellinae,Sycoryctinae,Eurytomidae,Ormyridae and Eulophidae of Chalcidoidea,respectively.Among them,only Platyscapa coronata of Agaonidae served as a pollinating agent through active pollination.Male polymorphism was common in the non-pollinating fig wasps.The wasp community composition and structure differed greatly across seasons.In winter and spring(from December to May of next year),there were more species and higher numbers of fig wasps inside syconia,among which pollinating fig wasps were the dominant species.In summer and autumn(from June to November),there were fewer species and lower numbers of fig wasps inside syconia,among which Camarothorax bimasculinus and Sycophila sp.1 were dominant species.The species of Camarothorax,Sycophila,Otitesella,Sycoscapter were common,while the species of Ormyrus and Aprostocetus were rarely found in syconia.The identification key of fig wasp species of F.virens Ait.var.sublanceolata in Fuzhou were developed.This experiment provided a scientific basis for wasps classification,as well as for studies on co-evolution of fig-fig wasps and the impact of non-pollinating fig wasp to fig-fig wasps symbiotic system.