Isolation of a strain of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidithiobacillus caldus</Emphasis> and its role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite |
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Authors: | Qiu Guan Zhou Fu Bo Zhou Hong Bo Liu Xi Gao Jian Liu Fei Fei Chen Xin Hua |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China;(2) School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China;(3) Key Laboratory of Marine Biogentic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China |
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Abstract: | A moderately thermophilic and acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium named S2, was isolated from coal heap drainage. The bacterium was motile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, measured 0.4 to 0.6 by 1 to 2 μm,
and grew optimally at 42–45°C and an initial pH of 2.5. The strain S2 grew autotrophically by using elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as energy sources. The strain
did not use organic matter and inorganic minerals including ferrous sulfate, pyrite and chalcopyrite as energy sources. The
morphological, biochemical, physiological characterization and analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the
strain S2 is most closely related to Acidithiobacillus caldus (>99% similarity in gene sequence). The combination of the strain S2 with Leptospirillum ferriphilum or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in chalcopyrite bioleaching improved the copper-leaching efficiency. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed
that the chalcopyrite surface in a mixed culture of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus caldus was heavily etched. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that Acidithiobacillus caldus has the potential role to enhance the recovery of copper from chalcopyrite by oxidizing the sulfur formed during the bioleaching
progress. |
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Keywords: | Acidithiobacillus caldus Bioleaching Chalcopyrite Isolation 16S rRNA |
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