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Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and palaeontological evidence
Authors:Nakano, Tomoyuki   Ozawa, Tomowo
Affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
Abstract:A molecular phylogeny, based on sequence data from three mitochondrial(12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI) genes, is presented for the Patellogastropoda,including representatives of almost all genera belonging tothe Acmaeidae, Lepetidae, Lottiidae, Nacellidae and Patellidae.For comparison, a smaller dataset of sequences from two nuclear(18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) genes is presented. The mitochondrialgene phylogeny shows considerable disagreement with earlierhypotheses derived from morphological data. The Patellidae,Nacellidae and Lepetidae are monophyletic, but the Acmaeidaeand Lottiidae are polyphyletic. The family Acmaeidae is dividedinto two clades corresponding to the subfamilies Acmaeinae andPectinodontinae, but these two do not form a clade. The Acmaeinaeare synonymized with the Lottiidae, and the Pectinodontinaeare elevated to familial rank. Our results suggest that thePatelloida profunda group (formerly assigned to the Lottiidae)is the most basal group within the Patellogastropoda. We assignthis group to a new genus, Eoacmaea, in the new family Eoacmaeidae.We used a Bayesian Markov-Chain Monte Carlo approach togetherwith the fossil record to estimate divergence times from thecombined DNA sequence data. The lineage of extant Patellogastropodais estimated to have originated as long ago as Late Jurassic.The phylogeny also suggests that the principal clades and antitropicaldistribution pattern of the Patellogastropoda formed duringthe Mesozoic to early Cenozoic, in association with the disruptionof Pangea and following the establishment and decline of thecircumglobal equatorial current. (Received 6 November 2006; accepted 19 December 2006)
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