Heterogeneity of phosphorus distribution in a patterned landscape,the Florida Everglades |
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Authors: | Paul R Wetzel Arnold G van der Valk Susan Newman Carlos A Coronado Tiffany G Troxler-Gann Daniel L Childers William H Orem Fred H Sklar |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Science Center, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA;(2) Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 141 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA;(3) Everglades Division, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA;(4) Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., OE 148, Miami, FL 33199, USA;(5) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;(6) U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192-0002, USA |
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Abstract: | The biologically mediated transfer of nutrients from one part of a landscape to another may create nutrient gradients or subsidize
the productivity at specific locations. If limited, this focused redistribution of the nutrient may create non-random landscape
patterns that are unrelated to underlying environmental gradients. The Florida Everglades, USA, is a large freshwater wetland
that is patterned with tree islands, elevated areas that support woody vegetation. A survey of 12 tree islands found total
soil phosphorus levels 3–114 times greater on the island head than the surrounding marsh, indicating that the Florida Everglades
is not a homogeneous oligotrophic system. It was estimated that historically 67% of the phosphorus entering the central Everglades
was sequestered on tree islands, which are ~3.8% of the total land area. This internal redistribution of phosphorus onto tree
islands due to the establishment of trees may be one reason that marshes have remained oligotrophic and may explain the spatial
differentiation of the patterned Everglades landscape. |
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Keywords: | Meta-ecosystem Nutrient redistribution Restoration Tree islands |
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