Effects of estradiol benzoate, estrone, and propionates of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone on sexual and related behaviors of ovariectomized rhesus monkeys

Ovariectomized adult rhesus monkeys were injected daily for 10 days with either 1 mg of dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP), 1 mg of testosterone propionate (TP), 10 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB), or 500 μg of estrone (El). On the 5th and 10th days of treatment, females received two 24-min behavioral tests with each of two adult males. All females received every hormonal treatment during the course of the study, with the order of treatments counterbalanced. Prior to the initiation of an hormonal treatment, each subject received two tests with no hormone treatment (NORX). Three behaviors related to female proceptivity were recorded. Treatment with DHTP had no influence on any aspect of proceptivity measured, in comparison to the NORX condition, whereas El or TP treatment augmented the frequencies of two of the proceptive behaviors and EB increased all three. The response of the male toward the female was influenced by the female's hormonal condition. Treatment with TP or DHTP did not increase the frequency of male contact or the mount rate in comparison to the NORX condition, whereas EB or El treatment did. In addition, DHTP was the only steroid which failed to increase the percentage of tests with intromission or ejaculation when compared to NORX. Female receptivity, as measured by acceptance or rejection of male contacts, was not different for the NORX-, TP-, EB-, or El-treated conditions. DHTP treatment, however, reduced female receptivity in comparison to all other conditions. Treatment with DHTP or TP resulted in an increase in the frequency of female yawning behavior, whereas neither estrogen treatment showed any effect on this behavior. The influences of TP on female proceptive and male sexual behavior were never duplicated or even approximated by treatment of females with the nonaromatizable DHTP. Nor was there any evidence that TP inhibited female receptivity below the level characteristic of NORX females, as was true for DHTP.