市县级限制开发区环境功能区划研究——以河北省张家口市为例

限制开发地区是我国主体功能区划中划定的提供重要生态功能和农产品的地区，对其进行环境功能区划对于推动环境功能区划制度落地与实施，以及限制开发区的保护与发展有着重要意义。当前国家及省级的环境功能区划研究已经相对成熟，而市县尺度的限制开发地区环境功能区划相关研究较少。在总结现有环境功能区划研究方法的基础上，以河北省张家口市为例，探讨了市县级限制开发地区环境功能区划体系设计和技术方法，提出了以公里格网作为分析单元，结合县域行政边界，基于环境功能综合评价的结果，从自然生态安全、维护人群健康和区域环境支撑能力等3个方面，开展环境功能区划。基于该方法，将张家口市分为自然生态保留区、生态功能保持区、生态功能恢复区、农产品安全保障区、环境开发准入区、聚居发展维护区6类环境功能区，并根据各环境功能区的主要功能及生态环境特点提出相应的发展建议，以期为该区域管理提供可行的操作手段。本文提出的方法也可为其他限制开发地区的环境功能区划提供参考。

Environmental function zoning at the county level in restricted development area: a case study of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province

As an important type of main functional area in China, the restricted development areas are areas which provide important ecosystem service function and agricultural products. Zoning in restricted development areas based on environmental function is of great significance for promoting the implementation of the environmental function zoning, and also plays an important role in protection and development of the restricted development areas. At present, method of environmental function zoning at the national and provincial levels has been relatively mature, but few focused on county level. And studies about environmental function zoning conducted in the restricted development areas are needed. Based on previous studies of environmental function zoning, we modified the method of environmental function zoning at the county level to make it could be applied in restricted development areas. We took Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province as the study area. We combined 1 km fishnet and county boundary as research unit. Based on the result of environmental function comprehensive assessment, we made the environmental function zoning of Zhangjiakou according to three environmental function abilities, ability of protecting natural ecological security, maintaining health of human living environment, and supporting capacity of regional environment. Finally, we divided Zhangjiakou into six environmental function zones:natural ecological reserved zone, ecological function conservation zone, ecological function restoration zone, agricultural supply security zone, environment development constraint zone and settlements environment maintenance zone. The result shows that ecological function conservation zone accounts for nearly 60% of the total Zhangjiakou''s land. In accordance with its type of restricted development zoning in the main functional regions, protection natural ecological security is the leading environmental function in Zhangjiakou. 6.47% of the land is ecological function restoration zone, which is also important for providing ecosystem services but has been disturbed by human activity and it needs ecological restoration and protection. The restricted development areas have the different ecological characteristics and environment problems from other types of the main functional zoning, regionalization system and the indicators of comprehensive assessment should be modified to adjust county environmental function zoning for restricted development area. Considering the difference of ecological characteristics and environment problems between restricted development areas and other types of the main functional zoning, this study modified regionalization system and the indicators of comprehensive assessment to adjust environmental function zoning for restricted development area at county level. We added ecological function restoration zone to the types of environmental function zoning. The indicators used in environment comprehensive assessment are simplified to make the regionalization results considerate more about spatial variation of natural environment functions than social and economic factors and environmental support capacity. This study can provide the reference for the environmental function zoning of other restricted development areas.