金佛山亚热带常绿阔叶林地表土壤动物群落特征及其影响因素

为探讨小尺度下不同微生境的土壤动物群落特征及其与环境因子之间的关系，于2018年10月在金佛山西坡亚热带常绿阔叶林样带内，对其凋落物层及腐殖质层两类微生境的土壤动物群落进行调查及相应环境因子的测定。此次调查共捕获地表土壤动物12381头，隶属于3门9纲22目。其中优势类群为蜱螨目和长角虫兆目，个体数占比为75.24%；常见类群为原虫兆目、愈腹虫兆目、短角虫兆目、双翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目，个体数占比为21.23%。同时，土壤动物的密度（M）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）、Simpson优势度指数（D）及Pielou均匀度指数（E）均表现为腐殖质层极显著高于凋落物层（P<0.01）。根据回归分析及冗余分析结果发现，两类微生境的土壤动物群落特征与环境因子的关系存在一定差异；影响凋落物层土壤动物群落特征的重要环境因子为凋落物的总有机碳、碳氮比、湿度及pH，而影响腐殖质层土壤动物群落特征的重要环境因子为腐殖质的干重、总氮、总磷、湿度、pH及微生物生物量氮。研究表明，常绿阔叶林生态系统的不同微生境间土壤动物多样性特征存在显著差异，小尺度下环境因子对土壤动物群落特征具有重要影响。

Characteristics and influencing factors of surface soil fauna community in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jinfo Mountain

In order to explore the community characteristics of soil fauna and its relationship with environmental factors in different microhabitats in the fine scale, soil fauna community of litter layer and humus layer were investigated and the related environmental factors were determined in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of the west slope of Jinfo Mountain in October 2018. A total of 12381 individuals belonging to 3 phyla, 9 classes and 22 orders were found in this investigation. Among them, Entomobryomorpha and Acarina were dominant groups, accounting for 75.24% of the total number of individuals, while Podurompha, Symphyleona, Neelipleona, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were common groups, accounting for 21.23% of the total number of individuals. Meanwhile, soil fauna density (M), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson dominance index (D) and Pielou evenness index (E) were significantly higher in humus layer than in litter layer (P<0.01). According to the regression analysis and redundancy analysis, some differences were revealed in the relationships between the community characteristics of soil fauna and environmental factors of the two microhabitats. Total organic carbon, carbon nitrogen ratio, humidity and pH of litter were found to be the important factors influencing soil fauna community characteristics of litter layer. Nevertheless, dry weight, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, humidity, pH and microbial biomass nitrogen of humus were verified to be the important factors affecting soil fauna community characteristics of humus layer. Overall, the results showed that there were significant differences in the diversity characteristics of soil fauna between different microhabitats in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, and environmental factors had important influence on the community characteristics of soil fauna in the fine scale.