八种广西特有报春苣苔属植物开花生物学特性研究

广西是报春苣苔属植物的世界分布中心,特有种较多。该研究针对线叶报春苣苔(Primulina linearifolia)、条叶报春苣苔(P. ophiopogoides)、刺齿报春苣苔(P. spinulosa)、大根报春苣苔(P. macrorhiza)、线萼报春苣苔(P. linearicalyx)、癞叶报春苣苔(P. leprosa)、桂中报春苣苔(P. guizhongensis)、百寿报春苣苔(P. baishouensis),八种广西特有种的开花物候期、开花动态、子房发育情况、花粉活性等开花生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)八种广西特有报春苣苔属植物在野外及人工环境下部分种在花期、单株开花量、单花开放持续时间具有显著性差异。人工栽培植株在单株开花量、单花开放持续时间要优于野生植株。(2)不同物种的单花花期长短不同,为3～14 d。雄蕊在花蕾阶段已经基本完成生长。雌雄蕊成熟期不一致,雄蕊先于雌蕊成熟。(3)花冠半开放至完全打开阶段的花粉活性最高,均在90%以上。(4)花冠完全开放阶段的柱头可授性最强。(5)自花授粉不能结实,异花授粉可正常结实,自交种子发芽率在80%以上。综上结果不仅为解决珍稀物种的繁殖障碍和保存种质资源提供了数据支持,而且对后续提高报春苣苔属的杂交育种成功率具有重要意义。

Floral biological characteristics of eight Primulina species endemic to Guangxi

Guangxi is one of the distribution centers of Primulina of the world. There are many endemic species. For the purpose of introdution and cultivation, germplasm presrvation and hybridization breeding, this study focused on the flowering phenological period, flowering habit, ovary development, pollen activity and other flowering biological characteristics of eight Primulina species endemic to Guangxi, including Primulina linearifolia, P. ophiopogoide, P. spinulosa, P. macrorhiza, P. linearicalyx, P. leprosa, P. guizhongensis and P. baishouensis. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences between in the wild and the artifical conditions in the flowering period, single bud blooming amount and single flower opening duration of these eight endemic species in Guangxi. In artificial conditions, the amount of flowering per plant and the duration of flower blooming were better than those of wild plants.(2)The duration of single flowering period of different species was 3-14 d. The stamens stopped growth in bud stage. The maturities of pistils and stamens were inconsistent, the stamens matured earlier than the pistils.(3)The pollen vitality was increasing from half-open to fully-open stage, which could reach more than 90% in fully-open stage.(4)The stigma was most compatible in the fully-opend stage of the corolla. At corolla completely open stage, the stigma receptivity rised to the highest level.(5)Self pollination was sterile, cross pollination was fertile. The seed germination rate of crossing seeds was more than 80%. This study provides data to support the multiplication of rare species and germplasm resources preservation, and also provides solutions for hybridization breeding in Primulina.