Substantial genetic divergence between morphologically indistinguishable populations of Fasciola suggests the possibility of cryptic speciation |
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Authors: | SM Walker PA Prodöhl EM Hoey I Fairweather REB Hanna G Brennan A Trudgett |
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Institution: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK;2. Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK |
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Abstract: | The liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, are considered to be sister species and between them present a major threat worldwide to livestock production. In this study sequence data have been employed from informative regions of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of over 200 morphologically F. hepatica-like or F. gigantica-like flukes from Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to assess genetic diversity. Evidence is presented for the existence of four well-separated clades: African gigantica-like flukes, Indian gigantica-like flukes, European hepatica-like flukes and African high-altitude hepatica-like flukes. Application of the Biological Species Concept to trematodes is problematic; however, the degree of separation between these groups was sufficient for them to be considered as distinct species using the four times rule for speciation. |
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