舟山市种子植物物种多样性及其分布特征

通过野外调查和查阅文献资料,分析了舟山市种子植物物种组成、区系特点及物种多样性的分布特征。结果表明:舟山市共有野生种子植物1372种,隶属于141科627属;植物区系组成以小型科属为主,生活型以草本植物居多,地理成分广泛而多样,滨海特有植物较多,重点保护植物较少;在10个典型岛屿中,物种丰富度及物种密度的分布极不均匀,南部岛屿的物种丰富度及物种密度相对较高,北部岛屿相对较低;在8种主要森林群落类型中,乔木层、灌木层、草本层中物种丰富度最高的分别是红楠林、香樟林、滨柃灌丛,物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Shannon-Weaver指数表现为灌木层乔木层草本层,Pielou均匀度指数在乔木群落中变化趋势不明显,但在灌丛群落中呈现草本层灌木层的规律。本文通过对舟山市种子植物物种多样性的调查分析,为舟山群岛野生植物资源的研究和保护积累了基础材料,为海岛植物资源的开发和利用提供了理论依据。

Distribution Characteristics and Species Diversity of Seed Plants in Zhoushan,Zhejiang

Based on field investigation and related literature, the composition of species, floral characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of seed plants in Zhoushan were studied. Results showed that the study area had a total of 1372 species of wild seed plants, belonging to 627 genera and 141 families. The seed plant flora were found in many small families and genera, the major life form was herbaceous, the geographical components were widely varied, and seashore plants were abundant, though there were relatively fewer protected plants. The distribution of species richness and density was very uneven in the ten typical islands. Generally, the southern islands had higher species richness and species density than the northern islands. Of the eight major forest community types, Machilus thunbergii forest had the highest species richness in the arbor layer, Cinnamomum camphora forest had the highest species richness in the shrub layer, and Eurya emarginata bush had the highest species richness in the grass layer. Species richness, Simpson index and Shannon-Weaver index showed the characteristics of shrub layer > arbor layer > grass layer. The Pielou index had no significant variation in the arbor communities, but showed the characteristic of grass layer > shrub layer in the bush communities. Based on our investigation and analysis of species diversity of seed plants in Zhoushan, material for research on and protection of wild plant resources in the Zhoushan islands were accumulated, and a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of plant resources was provided.