澳门九澳山海滨群落特征分析与生态恢复建议

采用群落生态学的方法研究了澳门九澳山海滨经人工抚育后恢复的植物群落特征。通过对其群落种类组成及多样性、空间结构和优势种年龄结构分析表明:1200 m2样地内共有维管束植物44科76属82种;藤本及中、小、矮高位芽植物占优势(86.59%),而大高位芽植物缺乏;群落优势种为豺皮樟(Litsea rotundifolia var.oblongifoli)、亮叶柃(Eurya nitida)、鸭脚木(Schefflera heptaphylla)和假苹婆(Sterculia lanceolata),均为增长型种群;九澳山海滨经人工抚育后恢复的植物群落植株高度较低。九澳山海滨土壤为赤红壤,其植被恢复策略可为赤红壤海滨的植被生态恢复提供参考。为促进海滨地带性植被的建设,我们还选择出海滨适生乡土树种29种,构建了多层次多树种的空间结构,并建议在九澳山海滨现有植被群落的基础上适当引种乔木树种、增加草本层植物种类。

Characteristics of the Coastal Plant Community and Ecological Restoration Proposal on Ka Ho Hill,Macau

To understand the characteristics of the coastal plant community and natural restoration with artificial help on Ka Ho Hill, Macau, species composition, species diversity, vertical structure and age structure were studied by field investigation. Results showed there were 82 species of vascular plants, belonging to 44 families and 76 genera in plots with areas of 1200 m². Liana phanerophyte, mesophanerophyte, microphanerophyte and nanophanerophyte species accounted for 86.59% of the life form spectrum of the community, with no megaphanerophytes found. The dominant community species were Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia, Eurya nitida, Schefflera heptaphylla, and Sterculia lanceolata. Analysis on age structure indicated that the dominant populations expressed an increasing tendency. The height of communities on Ka Ho Hill was slightly lower than that of forest communities in Macau. Ka Ho Hill had latosol soil, and our study of vegetation restoration can provide a reference for the ecological restoration of seacoast with red soil. To accelerate the development of artificial forest into the local community, we selected 29 species of indigenous plants, and arranged a multi-layer, multi-species forest, and also suggested increasing species in both the upper layer and herb layer based on the characteristics of the Ka Ho Hill coastal community.